Toyota dakwa ada data buktikan EV tidak elok untuk alam sekitar
KETIKA pengeluar automotif sedang berlumba-lumba mengeluarkan kenderaan elektrik (EV) masing-masing, Toyota mendakwa ia mempunyai data yang membuktikan bahawa EV boleh memberi kesan buruk terhadap alam sekitar.
Buat pengetahuan anda, Toyota menceburi pasaran EV agak lewat jika dibandingkan dengan pesaing-pesaing terdekatnya walaupun ia begitu rancak menghasilkan teknologi hibrid.
Ini menyebabkan Toyota dikritik hebat namun syarikat itu berpendirian bahawa komitmen sepenuhnya terhadap EV borpentsi mendatangkan impak negatif kepada alam sekitar.
Menurut ketua saintis Toyota, Gill Prat, adalah lebih masuk akal jika syarikat-syarikat kenderaan menawarkan kereta dengan sumber tenaga yang berbeza termasuk hibrid dan hidrogen.
“Tetapi bukankah EV tidak mengeluarkan sebarang emisi, kenapa pula kita nak menghasilkan lebih banyak kereta hibrid?”
Menurut Pratt, ini bergantung kepada ketersediaan litium, mineral yang digunakan dalam pengeluaran pek bateri. Beliau meramalkan industri kereta akan dilanda kekurangan litium serta mineral lain yang digunakan dalam pengeluaran bateri tidak lama lagi.
Bukan itu sahaja, lonjakan permintaan EV juga akan menyebabkan kekurangan fasiliti pengecasan, ramal Pratt.
Beliau berkata jika tiada litium yang mencukupi untuk menjana puluhan juta EV, adalah lebih baik jika bahan itu digunakan untuk menghasilkan kereta hibrid. Ini kerana jutaan kereta hibrid mempunyai impak lebih hebat ke atas output karbon dioksida (CO2) daripada menggunakan kuantiti litium yang sama untuk menghasilkan EV.
Dalam satu model hipotesis, Pratt bermula dengan 100 kenderaan pembakaran dalaman (ICE) dengan emisi CO2 sebanyak 250 g/km. Jika terdapat cukup litium untuk menghasilkan batteri 100 kWh, anda boleh menghasilkan sebuah Tesla ‘long range’ tetapi baki 99 kenderaan tadi masih akan mempunyai ICE, memberikan angka CO2 sebanyak 248.5 g/km.
Bagaimanapun, jika kapasiti bateri 100 kWh tersebut dibahagikan antara 90 kenderaan hibrid, dengan baki 10 kenderaan ICE, purata emisi akan jatuh kepada 205 g/km.
Ini tidak bermakna Toyota tidak berminat dengan EV. Pada Oktober 2021, syarikat itu memperkenalkan bZ4X yang dibangunkan secara bersama dengan Subaru, disusuli dengan konsep bZ Compact SUV yang bersaiz lebih kecil untuk pasaran China.
Namun begitu, Toyota tetap dengan pendiriannya bahawa pesaing-pesaingnya sedang melakukan kesilapan dengan memberikan tumpuan sepenuhnya terhadap EV.
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Toyota mendakwa bahawa mereka mempunyai data yang menunjukkan bahawa kenderaan elektrik (EV) tidak sesuai untuk alam sekitar. Walaupun Toyota tidak menjelaskan secara terperinci data tersebut, mungkin mereka menganggap bahawa pemprosesan dan pembuangan bateri EV, serta kesan negatif kepada alam sekitar semasa pengeluaran, memberikan impak yang tidak diingini. Namun, pendapat ini bertentangan dengan pandangan kebanyakan pakar alam sekitar yang menganggap EV sebagai langkah positif dalam mengurangkan pencemaran udara dan memperbaiki kualiti udara. Sehubungan itu, adalah penting untuk menilai data dan penemuan secara kritis sebelum membuat kesimpulan yang tepat mengenai impak alam sekitar kenderaan elektrik.
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