“TORQUE converter.”
Mungkin ada yang pernah mendengar perkataan ini dan tidak dinafikan juga, masih ramai belum pernah mendengarnya.
Jadi, apakah itu torque converter?
Torque converter berfungsi sebagai hub penyambungan enjin dengan transmisi melalui cecair hidraulik.
Apa yang menarik, torque converter tidak bersambung secara fizikal antara syaf input dan output kerana ia berputar menerusi sistem hidraulik dalam torque converter itu sendiri.
Nilai tork yang diterima juga akan digandakan di antara satu hingga dua ganda berbanding nilai asal dikeluarkan oleh enjin.
Mungkin anda masih belum faham bukan?
Baiklah, bagi memudahkan pemahaman adalah lebih baik kita memahami fungsi torque converter terlebih dahulu.
Fungsi torque converter!
Sedar atau tidak, kereta automatik akan bergerak sendiri walau pedal minyak tidak ditekan.
Memandangkan torque converter tidak bergabung secara fizikal dengan enjin, maka tiada masalah untuk kereta berhenti secara statik walau dalam keadaan gear memandu (D).
Terdapat tiga komponen asas terdapat pada torque converter iaitu pam, turbin dan cecair hidraulik.
Berikut adalah fungsi ketiga-tiga komponen ini:
1. Pam
Pam berfungsi sebagai penyambung kepada enjin dan sentiasa berputar mengikut RPM enjin.
Pam menerima input daripada enjin melalui penutup pam dan disambungkan secara mekanikal pada enjin.
2. Turbin
Turbin pula memiliki rekaan bilah yang hampir sama dengan pam tapi disambungkan ke transmisi.
Ia menerima tekanan hidraulik dari pam apabila cecair hidraulik melalui bilah turbin.
Disebabkan tenaga dari cecair hidraulik tidak begitu kuat, maka turbin akan berputar perlahan sedikit berbanding dengan pam.
3. Cecair hidraulik
Tugas cecair hidraulik pula adalah sebagai satu perantaraan bagi menghantar kuasa kinetik untuk membolehkan bilah turbin berpusing.
Apabila turbin berputar dengan laju, sekaligus ia akan menghasilkan tenaga untuk menggerakkan sistem transmisi.
Bagaimana torque converter beroperasi?
Apabila anda menekan pedal minyak, enjin akan berputar dengan lebih laju dan cecair hidraulik turut bergerak dengan lebih pantas.
Dengan pergerakan cecair hidraulik, secara tidak langsung ia memberi tekanan tinggi dalam bentuk pusaran yang seterusnya melanggar bilah turbin dengan tenaga kinetik dihasilkan.
Ini secara tidak langsung menggerakkan sistem transmisi sesebuah kereta!
Disebabkan tekanan hidraulik di dalam torque converter meningkat secara beransur-ansur, maka kereta yang memecut dari keadaan statik akan mulai ‘terasa’.
Boleh dikatakan hampir tiada sentapan atau senggukan akan terjadi.
Senario ini sama dengan kereta yang ditekan brek. Proses memberhentikan kereta berlaku tanpa senggukan dan sangat smooth!
Hal ini kerana apabila brek ditekan, sistem brek hanya akan memperlahankan putaran tayar, drive shaft dan juga transmisi.
Klac pula akan dinyahaktifkan bagi membenarkan pam dan turbin beroperasi pada RPM yang berbeza.
Seterusnya, cecair hidraulik akan mengambil alih tugas klac menyambungkan antara enjin dan transmisi.
Maka, disebabkan oleh sifat cecair hidraulik, ia membenarkan slip atau gelinciran berlaku yang menyebabkan kereta berhenti dengan lancar.
Demikian catatan ringkas mengenai torque converter.
Sekurang-kurangnya sekarang anda mempunyai sedikit pengetahuan ringkas mengenai torque converter!
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